What is an STP plant and how does it work?

What is a Sewage Treatment Plant?

Sewage treatment plants are wastewater treatment plants that treat sewage wastewater by breaking it down into a cleaner ‘effluent’ that can be returned back to nature in a safer, eco-friendly form. They help restore groundwater balance, curb diseases, and stop the degradation and pollution of the environment. The treated water can be used for non-potable purposes such as gardening, washing cars, construction, irrigation, and toilet flushing.

How does a Sewage Treatment Plant work?

A Sewage Treatment Plant process works in four phases – preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment.

·    Preliminary treatment - This treatment process removes bigger materials like plastic bottles, tree branches, rags, wrappers, etc. 

·    Primary treatment – This process occurs inside a sedimentation tank in which all the organic and inorganic solids settle to the bottom while the grease, oil, and lighter solids are moved to the surface using skimmers.

·    Secondary treatment - In this, secondary clarifiers separate biological floc from the liquid with the use of aerobic biological processes.

·    Tertiary treatment – This sewage treatment plant process reduces pathogens, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other inorganic compounds by disinfecting the water chemically, through ultraviolet light, or microfiltration, before releasing it for reuse. The remaining sludge is then treated in digesting tanks with anaerobic bacteria and later used as fertilizer.

Maintenance of Sewage Treatment Plant

In STP plant process, it needs frequent emptying and monitoring. Even the best quality Sewage treatment plant would have to be desludged and serviced at least once a year. After desludging, it should be immediately refilled with water to balance the internal and external pressure.  Under no circumstances should rainwater come into the STP.  It could flush out bacteria and cause flooding. Emptying of primary tanks and soakaways must be done regularly.

Conclusion

Sewage Treatment Plants are essential for maintaining the health of the environment. STP plants help in reducing water pollution and preventing the spread of water-borne diseases by treating wastewater. By using various physical, chemical, and biological processes, STP plants remove harmful contaminants and pollutants from wastewater, making them safe for release.

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